Author: Maryam Ayres
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
February 12, 2026
Learn more information about usda nutrition. In this article we'll discuss usda nutrition.
Happy to be here.
i'm a physician, that specialize in lifestyle remedy the use of eating regimen and exercising now not simplest prevent ailment, but to treat and opposite it as properly.
And all of it certainly is going again to my grandma. You recognize, I suppose the spark for lots children to need to be a doctor when they grow up is looking a grandparent get unwell or even die, but for me was looking my grandma get better.She became identified with cease degree heart ailment.
Already had so many pass surgeries, nothing more the doctors ought to do. She become despatched domestic within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest ache.
But then she heard about this man, Nathan Pritikin, one of our early way of life medication pioneers, and what took place subsequent is clearly precise within Pritikin’s biography, to talk approximately Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her within, and he or she walked out a few weeks later.
She changed into strolling 10 miles an afternoon, and although she turned into given her medical loss of life sentence at age 65, thanks to a healthful weight loss program became capable of enjoy some other 31 years on the earth to age 96, to retain to experience her six grandkids which include me. So that’s why I went into remedy.That’s why I exercise the type of medication I do, lifestyle remedy.
I just want to do to your family what Pritikin did for my family.
Gianna That’s wonderful. First query:how lots fats and protein do we need every day?
What are the first-rate sources? And how an awful lot should athletes be eating?Well, you recognize, we don’t devour macro nutrients;
we don’t devour micro nutrients.You need Paleo junk food, we’ll give you vegan junk food, we’ll come up with fat unfastened junk food, we’ll provide you with… I suggest any kind of junk meals you want because it’s all approximately macro nutrients or it’s all approximately anything particular issue, right?
On Fruit Loops, they could say, “with fiber, nutrition D” with all this stuff, and that gives us this kind of fitness halo, whilst within fact it should all be approximately food. And the motive humans don’t speak about food is there’s no cash to be made in food.In truth, provide is going bad;
Can’t sit on the shelf like a Twinkie for a couple weeks.
And appearance, even a broccoli grower isn't always going to position an advert on television for broccoli due to the fact, you realize, they’ll just purchase a competitor’s broccoli. There’s just no money to be made.You’re in no way going to peer an advert on tv for sweet potatoes due to the fact there’s just no money to be made.
That’s no longer where the income is. The system is set up to praise simply the unhealthiest but most profitable conduct.And so, I suggest, in order that’s just kind of falling into the food enterprise’s trap to speak of form of this reductionist view of nutrients instead of meals.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re both carbs, right? I mean so fat, fats’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you may’t communicate approximately it.
That’s why the industry desires you to speak like that, but it genuinely has to come back all the way down to is what are the healthiest ingredients? So like, look, the dairy industry can say “the calcium within dairy.” Yeah, you understand what else is in dairy?It’s the number one supply of saturated fats on this USA.
People think like steak or something. No, the primary source of saturated fats is dairy, sure, the primary source of calcium, however yes, there’s protein within beef, yes, there’s iron in red meat, right?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I suggest as a lot as Burger King says you can “have it your manner,” you may’t be like, “Yeah, can i get the protein but keep the saturated fat, preserve the hormones, preserve the cholesterol.” I realize, it’s a package deal— meals is a package deal deal. So the element approximately that, so in case you get your calcium from, you already know, dark green leafy veggies instead, then it’s like, properly, the baggage is truly an advantage.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these items lacking from form of the dairy supply.
So that’s how we assume in phrases of meals. So if you ask me what are the best foods that take place to have fat in them, properly, it would be nuts, seeds, avocados, because then it’s just—you just get the bonus rather than the baggage.In phrases of protein assets, anyone who doesn’t know the way to get protein on a plant-based weight loss plan doesn’t recognize beans, right?
Beans, cut up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant kingdom. And then also some of the entire grains, nuts and seeds and all sorts of matters.So whole plant ingredients are the healthiest way to get almost all of your nutrients, and that’s certainly, I think, how we must consider the ones macro vitamins.
Gianna Question variety two:What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the type of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, rip-off kind of stuff.
i've a video on Nutritionstatistics.org that is going into the technology round that. Distilled water simply kind of appears a waste of electricity to me.I mean it’s the identical component with like, you recognize, form of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s simply a very form of wasteful technique. But you may dispose of some little hint minerals, but that’s now not in reality the difficulty.I suggest faucet water is generally the cheapest, safest source of ingesting water.
Gianna What approximately fluoride within it? Fluoride is the cause why we don’t grow vintage and lose all our enamel.Gianna Should we be eating fluoride although?
It’s no longer vital, but from a public health viewpoint—wealthy human beings can go to the dentist and afford all styles of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for their enamel—but from a public health scale, I mean that’s the way you attain impoverished populations which may not have the dental care which you have, and so when you have a dental trouble, no huge deal, visit the dentist, proper? But if they have a dental hassle, they could lose their teeth, because of this losing plenty of their vitamins or being in persistent pain.And in reality from a public health viewpoint fluoridated water is—in truth, consistent with the Center for Disease Control, one of the best public health improvements over the past century.
Gianna Question range three: are there any guidelines or special suggestions for girls who pick out to consume a plant-based weight loss program even as pregnant, and who additionally choose to elevate youngsters plant based totally after the breast milk level if over?When you’re eating for two it’s just that much more important to get all the vitamins you need, and so it’s essentially all the equal advice you’d give to everybody eating a wholesome eating regimen, eating a plant-primarily based weight loss program.
Critically crucial: diet B12.So there’s two nutrients that aren’t made by way of flowers.
One’s vitamin D, that is made by using animals consisting of yourself while you stroll outside; it’s the light diet.And the other one’s vitamin B12.
Not made with the aid of vegetation, no longer made via animals either; made through little microbes that blanket the earth.So, , we could get all the B12 we wished ingesting nicely water or out of a mountain or some thing a long time ago, but now we chlorinate our water deliver to kill off any bacteria, so we don’t have quite a few B12 within our water any greater.
Don’t get loads of cholera either. It’s an awesome factor that we live in a pleasant sanitary international, however due to that we need to get a normal reliable source of B12.Critically essential, mainly for pregnant women, however for all and sundry.
During pregnancy iodine’s crucial, a mineral often missing from prenatal vitamins, so it’s critical, if you’re getting a prenatal, to make sure it has iodine. Recommended every day allowance is 150 micrograms an afternoon.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we raise our kids healthful?I say sure, indeed, and so does the most esteemed pediatrician in human history, Benjamin Spock, inside the seventh version of Child and Baby Care, that's like one of the pleasant-promoting books ever, 2nd best to the Bible perhaps on this U.S.
Where in his last edition he wrote, in his 90s before he died, advocated all youngsters be raised with zero exposure to meat and dairy, and he did that due to the fact he may want to see what the grandparents had been loss of life from and see this burgeoning childhood obesity epidemic. So truely we must raise our children within the healthiest viable manner.That method no longer having them smoke cigarettes.
That approach having them placed on seat belts, smoke alarms in the home, and a whole meals, plant-based totally weight loss program—honestly basic, simple. And even the ADA, nicely, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, in their legitimate function paper says strictly plant-based diets are suitable for all stages of the lifestyle, inclusive of pregnancy and infancy and on through vintage age.So simply, we have to all be elevating wholesome youngsters, and in reality, Scott Stoll is presently writing a e book on elevating vegan kids;
he’s got six, so he knows one or things about it. Gianna ok, variety four:please help give an explanation for soy and hormones, and why both ladies and men need not fear it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All styles of nuttiness out on the internet.If you take a look at the technological know-how, although, it’s surely simply form of a super medical consensus in terms of humans.
I imply, the laboratory animal stories, it relies upon in case you’re a hamster or a rat, or one-of-a-kind traces of mice have extraordinary consequences. When we subsequently had human data, so for instance breast most cancers, you may see issues at the net approximately, appearance, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t understand till 2004, the primary statistic that in reality put it to the test and actually accompanied breast cancer survivors, a few that ate soy and a few that didn’t, just to peer who lived longer, who had much less breast most cancers recurrence. And in that study and within all of five reviews accomplished to this point, each single one determined that ladies with breast cancer, whether or not estrogen receptor fine or poor, whether or not they were on Tamoxifen or now not—all continually more survival;placed them all collectively, greater survival, decrease most cancers recurrence charge.
And so we’ve regarded that consuming soy, mainly at some point of childhood, can lessen the risk of having breast most cancers inside the first vicinity, but now we know it’s related to progressed survival as properly. So wait a second.How is that feasible whilst it has estrogenic effects?
Well, no, see you don’t recognize. There’s truly two forms of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a long scenario:alpha, beta—so basically your own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced with the aid of your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a one of a kind sort of estrogen receptors. So it subjects, the consequences of soy at the frame matters at the ratio of those special receptors and one-of-a-kind organs of the frame.And so it clearly has pro-estrogen results wherein you want it, like in the bones, skeleton.
It truly reduces bone loss in comparison to dairy milk, for instance, within experiences of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic consequences in which you want it, as an example inside the breast, decreasing breast most cancers danger and improving breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s called a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a elaborate term for basically the first-class of all worlds.
So it reduces warm flashes, anti-estrogen effect, strengthens the bones, pro-estrogenic effect, reduces breast cancer danger. And so you don’t should devour it;all of the legumes are healthful, and that i inspire human beings to devour entire soy resources like edamame, immature inexperienced soybeans;
you can get frozen luggage of it, sprinkle it to your salad, a first rate preference. Tempeh, miso, those are all entire soy ingredients, in addition to a number of the extra processed stuff.And so that you look in the clinical literature, it’s clean.
We’ve got lots of videos approximately it. So yeah, you simply don’t believe the craziness you examine at the internet.Gianna And just for the men accessible that are worried that they may develop breasts or something like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reviews within literature of gynecomastia with excessive soy intake.
But by immoderate soy—they had been actually ingesting gallons of soy milk an afternoon, so I forget… I suppose a few human beings, like 40 servings of soy an afternoon, and at that degree you can honestly get sufficient alpha receptor hobby to truely have pro-estrogenic results. So the response isn't to avoid soy, but now not drink four gallons of soy milk a day.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and actually it would be healthy. So soy intake in guys is related to lower prostate most cancers threat, that's the primary most cancers killer precise to men.Gianna ok, query variety five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So eating an anti inflammatory food plan, no surprise, may be one of the quality dietary remedies for inflammatory sicknesses in trendy, together with auto-immune ailment.So as an example, more than one sclerosis, which is an car-immune sickness in which your frame assaults your personal nerves, the single great recorded intervention—medical, surgical, something, no drugs—have ever crushed out a plant-primarily based diet:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS food regimen, so the handiest. So it’s now not simply more secure, cheaper.No, the simplest treatment ever published within the peer reviewed scientific clinical literature, a plant-based totally weight loss program.
Chron’s disorder, identical aspect. A study out of Japan the usage of a plant-primarily based weight-reduction plan, some of the exceptional relapse prevention rates ever.Chron’s ailment is an car-immune inflammatory bowel disorder.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most effective interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether or not we’re speaking approximately goal measures consisting of grip electricity and inflammatory markers within the blood circulation or just in phrases of satisfactory of life for people laid low with these illnesses. Auto-immune sickness, we simply don’t have loads of proper stats for.We have facts, so the Adventist 2 poll located that folks who consume strictly plant-primarily based diets have the highest shares of what’s referred to as euthyroid thyroid, which means everyday thyroid feature, and so it could save you thyroid issues.
But there’s in no way been any study that sincerely put plant-based diets to the take a look at within terms of treating thyroid disfunction, until we’re speakme approximately something like iodine deficiency. There’s different varieties of inflammatory illnesses that we don’t have statistics for, but it'd make feel if it works for these kind of other automobile-immune illnesses, it works for these other inflammatory diseases, an anti-inflammatory weight loss program would have this effect.And a part of that anti inflammatory energy is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who could suppose fiber?We think like bowel health or some thing.
It’s simply kind of an inert substance. Not at all.We can’t digest fiber, however our accurate gut micro organism can.
We have trillions of micro organism in our intestine. And we used to suppose that turned into just intestine fitness, but now we realize that our microbiome, our friendly flowers down within our colon honestly will have outcomes on our immune gadget, even our psychological fitness.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They devour prebiotics, that's fiber and resistant starch determined within abundance within handiest one region: entire plant ingredients, and a number of those compounds have anti inflammatory effects.They’re ruin down merchandise of fiber;
they get absorbed into your device and circulated in the course of your frame. So that’s one of the motives why plant-based totally diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your thoughts on nutrients and supplements, vegan primarily based, both taken orally or intravenously like vitamin C drips? Well, truly diet B12 is severely important for absolutely everyone eating a healthy diet, so I’d propose 2500 micrograms of what’s called cyanocobalamin, that's the cheapest supply.Once per week is all you need.
Costs less than $5 a year. You’re going to get all of the B12 you need, but critically vital from a regular reliable supply.If you’re not getting enough sun… Now, in case you’re light skinned sufficient and younger sufficient and thin sufficient and stay at a range that’s sunny sufficient, then getting 10, 15 minutes of mid-day solar, you’ll get all the nutrition D you need.
But it doesn’t count how sunny it's far in case you’re caught at a table task all day, not getting outdoor, in which case you’d want to complement your food regimen with vitamin D, the sunshine diet. I recommend 2,000 global devices of diet D3 an afternoon.So, I suggest intravenous diet C has been used as a most cancers remedy, going lower back to the 1970s with Linus Pauling’s paintings.
It turned into in view that—exciting—sort of debunked by means of Mayo Clinic, wherein they gave humans a whole bunch of vitamin C; didn’t see the type of marvelous outcomes that have been initially visible, but they had been using oral diet C.We used to suppose, properly, oral vitamin C is the same as intravenous vitamin C, but no, our body actually clamps down on diet C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t remember either manner, you’ll soak up it all. But as soon as your frame receives over about 200, 250 milligrams of vitamin C—which is about five servings of fruits and greens well worth—your body begins clamping “that’s a little an excessive amount of.” Your frame starts clamping down on absorption, so they truly weren’t uncovered to the identical quantity.And so i've a whole series of motion pictures on intravenous vitamin C for cancer if you’re interested in that;
I inspire humans to test it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favourite—should we be cooking cruciferous greens, like steaming broccoli, or is mixing uncooked kale within a smoothie effective enough, and is it awful for the thyroid to consume them raw? Oh, my God.We should consume cruciferous veggies within whichever manner gets us to devour the most of them.
You like uncooked broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever way gets you to consume the most.In reality cruciferous vegetables are one among my Daily Dozen.
It’s a loose app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I talk approximately all of the meals I inspire humans to get and suit into their daily recurring.So, , greens every day are the healthies greens, beans each day, berries every day are the healthiest culmination.
A tablespoon of floor flaxseeds, 1 / 4 teaspoon of ground turmeric. You know, the first-class beverage, the nice sweeteners, how a great deal exercising to get—just to sort of encourage human beings to try to healthy a number of the healthies of healthful meals into the weight-reduction plan.And one of these bins I encourage humans to tick off every day, you’re not going to in shape—you’re not going to test off the day until you get a few form of cruciferous greens, which is set a half cup of cooked cruciferous greens, about a cup of uncooked.
And in order that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard vegetables, these types of amazing veggies. And so basically but you get them for your weight loss program, the better.During the summertime, green smoothies are a excellent cross-to way to get vegetables on your breakfast.
And I sort of break some white beans within my oatmeal just to get my legumes, were given to check those off. But, yeah, put them in a smoothie, put them anywhere;as long as you’re getting greens, that’s the maximum crucial element.
Now you can overdo, I mean you may overdo raw cruciferous greens which have this so called goitrogenic compounds that are located within lots of healthful ingredients, not simplest broccoli, but additionally flaxseeds and some of other healthful things. But the response is not to avoid these clearly healthful ingredients;it’s just to get sufficient iodine due to the fact these goitrogenic compounds simply interfere with the uptake of iodine, which is the thyroid gland.
So if you’re really marginally not getting enough iodine, then eating plenty of broccoli and cruciferous can actually have an effect on your degrees. So the answer, you just make sure you’re getting a supply of iodine;the healthiest one is sea greens, so that you like munch on the ones seaweed snacks, and then just like dark inexperienced leafies as a snack.
Ah! I imply the greater ways you could get them into your diet, the better.There became this famous case in the New England Journal of Medicine, a woman who—I neglect, it become like literally heaps of pounds of raw bok choy, she was on some crazy weight loss program, and in fact did run into thyroid troubles, so 1000 kilos… good enough, but… Gianna It’s like the soy.
…I encourage human beings, proper. And look, we’re speaking about foods with medicinal outcomes.I mean we ought to anticipate like if you may devour as lots—I mean if there’s an unlimited amount of some thing that you may be exposed to, in all likelihood doesn’t have a whole lot “uumph” to it, right?
But the reality that, appearance, no, a number of these meals may have powerful effects on our biology, so no marvel that there’s a certain stage that you need to stay within, however luckily they’re all without difficulty through any kind of ordinary culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans higher for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, properly, see, a part of the reason that humans soak or sprout nuts is to put off the phytates.So there has been this notion, based totally on reports on puppies back in the ‘50s, that phytates were mineral inhibitors.
And so the manner you can do away with the phytates, you soak nuts or you sprout nuts to cast off the phytates, and then you definately’d maximize your calcium absorption and other essential minerals. But we now recognise no longer best is that now not the case, however phytates are absolutely wholesome for you, actually beneficial results of phytates, so we ought to actually try to get as a great deal phytates in our food plan as feasible, and the manner we do that is by using eating our nuts un-sprouted, eating our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I inspire humans to devour raw nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The cause we’d alternatively now not roast them is because of the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End merchandise, which are those glycotoxins related to multiplied risk of kidney disease and Alzheimer’s and improved growing older and all types of really bad things. And it’s fashioned whilst high fat, high protein foods are exposed to extraordinarily high heat, dry warmth.And so almost all AGE publicity is meat—so like barbequed warm dogs, so barbequed, grilling, grilled chicken, that sort of component—extremely excessive.
So if you study it, whereas plant foods have almost nothing regardless of what you do—I mean you may grill a bell pepper and you’re now not going to produce a hassle, however there are uncommon plant meals which might be high in protein effects, along with nuts, including soy. So we should surely, preferably ought to now not—like Cajun blackened tofu, now not a great concept on a ordinary basis due to these a long time.So that’s why we sincerely shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, certainly entire nuts are higher due to the fact you honestly chew right down to little debris—irrespective of how nicely you chunk, you normally handiest fracture down to approximately 2 mm, that's 1000 times large than the debris found in nut butters.And the purpose that’s important is due to the fact the ones cellular partitions and people little cubes, which incorporate loads of hundreds of intact partitions, in reality shield all of the vitamins internal from absorption on your small gut, and that creates a bounty for our gut plants.
So whilst we devour just acellular foods, powders like flour products, although it’s 100% complete wheat flour—so if we eat 100% whole wheat flour bread or pasta or something, we’re getting all the vitamins; they didn’t remove the fiber, but all the nutrients are out, exposed to be absorbed.They get absorbed inside the small intestine, leaving very little for our intestine vegetation at the stop.
Whereas if you devour entire intact grains or entire beans, then there may be truely those little clumps of food that’s leftover for our exact bacteria, and that improves our gut health and improves our microbiome. Gianna i really like it.Since a lot of our soil is depleted of minerals, where are we able to get terrific assets of minerals?
So that’s a few scammy hint mineral vendor talk. Somebody have to have a look at crop nutrient decline during the last half century, maybe 15%.So people trying to promote you mineral supplements will make this, will say, oh, our vegetation are depleted, simply due to the fact they’re trying to sell you something.
We can sincerely examine the information; the USDA tracks nutrients inside the soil going again for a century:15% decrement.
So meaning, adequate, as opposed to five florets of broccoli, now you have to devour six florets of broccoli rather than a half of century in the past. Fine, consume six florets of broccoli.There’s no need to take mineral dietary supplements.
Gianna adequate. Number ten: For folks that say anybody’s exceptional, so we all require different diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your recommendation in this, and does an entire food, plant-based totally food regimen assist us live longer, healthier lives, anyone? So, it’s not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla weight loss program and there’s a lemur food regimen.It’s now not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so you get some crazy food plan.
No, there’s a diet that’s naturally tuned to our biology. We advanced for thousands and thousands of years.So we broke from our last high-quality ape ancestors approximately 20 million years ago.
So for the first 90% of our evolution until about 2 million years in the past we ate what our fellow great apes ate, which is essentially greens and fruit. We have been a plant-based totally eating regimen, almost completely plant-primarily based weight loss plan, and best inside the closing 10% of our evolution did we begin knowing a way to make gear and looking, and so on.And so our biology is tuned to consuming entire meals, plant primarily based—so no marvel that the identical kind of food plan that reverses heart disorder, the number one killer of males and females, is the identical food plan that still reverses diabetes, and the identical eating regimen that reverses excessive blood stress.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And it all makes feel due to the fact, look, the anti-inflammatory food regimen is a diet that enables your arteries everywhere at some point of your frame.I imply, appearance, if that’s all a plant-based weight-reduction plan should do, opposite the number one killer of women and men, shouldn’t that be type of the default food regimen until confirmed otherwise?
In reality that it can additionally save you or opposite other main killers might appear to make the case for plant-based eating truely overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus question.Bonus!
What do ya’ were given?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I suppose sharing assets with them.
So every so often it’s difficult; humans put up their defenses whilst a person tries—whilst every body involves us with some new concept that conflicts with what we consider, there’s simply this sort of natural reaction to form of want to preserve on.That’s why sharing sort of 1/3-party assets:
“Here’s a wonderful documentary, here’s a superb website, right here’s a super book,” and then they could sort of take it in on themselves, and then type of the incentive comes from through as opposed to feeling a person’s trying to inform them to do some thing. So that’s considered one of my favourite ways.And percentage top notch meals!
They have this sense that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t be counted how—will I stay that long or simply feel like I lived that long? But no, it’s simply the first-class of each worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, proper?
Wait a 2d. Tastes notable and you get to live longer?That’s what plant-based totally ingesting is all approximately Gianna Thanks for tuning in, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t recognise my line. Where’s my cue card?